002 C# Introduction

C # tutorial introduction 
C # is and types safe environment for better programming , developed by Microsoft as a part of
.Net framework. C# was developed by Anders Hejlsberg for Microsoft .Net Framework. It was later approved 
by ECMS and ISO. C Sharp is more type safe then C ++. We can build software like 

• XML web service
• Client server application 
• Database application 
• Web application 
• Console application 
• WCF application 
• WPF applications and many more. 

.Net Framework is a managed type safe environment for software development and execution of the
 software. It allocate memory and grant permission for execution of the software. .Net Framework 
also support cross language compatibility. .Net component can communicate with each other even 
if component has written in different language. This type of communication is safe got by CTS common 
type specification.  C# also do automatic memory management and garbage collection.
.Net Framework consists of 4 languages. Among these 4, C# is the most Preferred language
 among the developers, for its beauty and simplicity and also easy to learn. C# is very powerful 
but simple programming language for building interoperable, scalable, robust application. Web service 
is easy to build C # and can we consume Web service from any platform. WCF Service also can be
consumed by any platform in the world. 

C # is object oriented language , features of OOPS supported

• Class 
• Object 
• Inheritance 
• Interface 
• Polymorphism 
• Data encapsulation 
• Data Hiding 

Here is the list of component of .Net framework 

• Common language specification 
• Common language runtime 
• .Net Framework class library 
• Common type system 
• Assemblies 
• Windows forms 
• ASP.NET 
• Windows Communication Foundation 
• Windows presentation Foundation 
• Language integrated query 
• Windows workflow Foundation. 

Before we go to the above following points, you should consider some topic of .Net Framework also

 Microsoft intermediate language(MSIL) :  Microsoft intermediate language also called intermediate 
language. While compiling a  program source code, Microsoft convert to a intermediate code. This 
intermediate code also includes instruction for loading storing information also.

Just in time compiler : A compiler which convert the intermediate language to machine language is 
called just in time compiler. This two step process, fast the source code is converted to intermediate 
language, then this intermediate language is converted to machine code. In the first step the source 
code is convert it to a byte code. This is called common language run time or intermediate language.
 In the second step the intermediate language is converted to machine instruction bye just in time 
compiler. 

Common type specification : Common type specification is a standard to represent specific 
type of value in the memory. Program written in different language can communicate with 
each other with standard with this stand. Example a type defined, a set of value define, 
now they can communicate with each other. Let the type defined as integer, they can 
communicate with each other and add, sum operation can be done. 

.Net class library : .Net class library is a collection of classes an interface and objects
 which provides the manage type safe development. .Net classes support inheritance which 
is base class and inherited class. Dot Net base class for safe development. Namespace is a
 is logical grouping of classes, we use those namespace only which class is
 required for the development , system is the base class which is required for any development. 
Because all preliminary functions and services are available in the System class. 
System.Data is a class which is child class of system, all data related services are incorporated 
in the System.Data class. We can do data access insert, update ,delete function and services are 
available in the system the data class. 

Here are some usable classes of .Net framework. 

System : This class is the root of all classes and all service preliminary stay in this classes. 
The preliminary data type and this are available in the system class. 

System.collection : This namespace is for memory management related to 

collections. The collections are array, array list, stack ,queue ,list, dictionary object 

System.Data : This namespace content class and services which are useful for data access and 

data manipulation. For example if we want to insert update or delete data, we need to add 

system.data namespace in our application. 

System.Data.oledb : This namespace are required to Oledb data. For example we can 

data handle with Microsoft access and excel with this namespace.

System.Data.SQLclient : Microsoft SQL server is a well-known database and is widely used. 

We can do data manipulation and access data with the help of this class. 

System.IO : File management such as read write edit file is very common for software developer, 

reading writing and editing file can be handled with the help of System.IO class. Every necessary 

service related to file management are available in this namespace. 

System.Math : Common mathematical functions and related service are available in this namespace. 

Example Sum,delete, random number are available in this namespace. 

System.Drawing : This is the namespace used for graphics in.Net framework. For example if i want to 

draw a line , I would use system to System.Drawing. Very simple an easy way to design and graphic 

object. 

System.Threading: .Net is a smart framework, operated on Windows platform, Windows 

operating system , .Net Framework both support multi threading process, the namespace help to 

develop the engineer multi threading applications with the help of this namespace. 

Assembly : Assembly is it self describing collection of program which help.Net to run smoothly.

 An assembly manifest is a part of assembly which store assembly name, version other

information about the assembly. Security instruction permission required also store in assembly 

manifest. Some other assembly, related information and there details are stored in the Assembly 

manifest. 

Satellite is a single application application, depending upon the call, resource file 

compile into the satellite assembly. Satellite assembly detect the user culture and load the 

corresponding string from assembly during run time . 

Windows form applications : A general purpose application for client server application, generally 

an application connected with a database for input and output purpose. In this application a graphical 

format, where user input is data is called win Windows form .

ASP.NET : An application which run on web web platform, for example www, http, https platform. 

Maybe it will be a client server application, maybe it is an method exposed to Web. 

That is web service. Web service development and consume also a part of ASP.NET. 

WCF : Windows Communication Foundation is an Technology which can communicate author 

platform through a channel. Specific data contract, data member , interface are required for 

communication through WCF channel. 

Language integrated query : It is a good features recent .Net framework , that is database query 

can be written in front end source code. The most popular implementation of the language integrated 

query is with entity framework, Microsoft Enterprise practice library.

Here is some more topics

Manage code : Any code written by .Net language within the .Net Framework is call manage 

code. C#, VB.Net and other .Net language are example of manage code. .Net Framework 

familiar with this languages and compiler compile this with manage code execution. 

Unmanaged code : Any code written by and which does not supported by .Net compiler is called 

unmanaged code. Its means, any language out of .Net Framework languages quotes are 

unmanaged..Net Framework does not know these languages and have no control over the

application written by this languages. 

Here are the example of manage and unmanaged code 

Manage code : C ,C plus plus, Window 32 API component 

Unmanaged code : VB.Net, C Sharp, G sharp, Js script